在 go 框架中,分布式架构的负载均衡可以通过以下方式实现:traefik:应用轮询或最少连接时间等算法进行流量平衡。nginx-ingress:kubernetes 里的kubernetes ingress完成,应用 nginx 开展反向代理和负载均衡。haproxy:高性能负载均衡器,支持各种算法和健康体检。
Go 框架中负载均衡的完成
在分布式架构中,负载均衡针对保证应用程序的可扩展性和性能尤为重要。Go 语言框架带来了几类完成负载均衡的办法。
Traefik
Traefik 是一个时兴且功能强大反向代理和负载均衡器,专为Go 撰写。它使用轮询或最少连接时间等算法来平衡流量。
//应用 Traefik 开展负载均衡
package main
import (
"github.com/traefik/traefik"
)
func main() {
traefik := traefik.New()
traefik.Websocket.Enable = true
traefik.DefaultEntryPoints = []string{"web", "websocket"}
traefik.Run()
}
nginx-ingress
nginx-ingress是 Kubernetes 上 Kubernetes Ingress的一个完成,它允许您应用 nginx 反向代理和负载均衡器。
//应用 nginx-ingress 开展负载均衡
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: my-ingress
annotations:
kubernetes.io/ingress.class: nginx
spec:
rules:
- host: www.example.com
http:
paths:
- backend:
serviceName: my-service
servicePort: 80
HAProxy
HAProxy是一种高性能的负载均衡器,可以在Go 中应用。它支持各种负载均衡算法和健康体检。
//应用 HAProxy 开展负载均衡
global
log 127.0.0.1 local0 info
maxconn 4096
stats socket /var/run/haproxy.sock mode 666 group haproxy
defaults
log global
mode http
option httplog
option dontlognull
retries 3
timeout connect 5000
timeout client 50000
timeout server 50000
frontend main
bind :80
use_backend backend1
backend backend1
mode http
balance roundrobin
server server1 127.0.0.1:8000
server server2 127.0.0.1:8001
实战案例
下列是一个应用 Traefik 在 Kubernetes 上布署微服务的简易实例:
建立2个微服务:
//微服务 1
package main
import (
"fmt"
"net/http"
)
func main() {
http.HandleFunc("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r http.Request) {
fmt.Fprintf(w, "Hello from Service 1!")
})
http.ListenAndServe(":8000", nil)
}
// 微服务 2
package main
import (
"fmt"
"net/http"
)
func main() {
http.HandleFunc("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r http.Request) {
fmt.Fprintf(w, "Hello from Service 2!")
})
http.ListenAndServe(":8001", nil)
}
建立配备 Traefik 的 Deployment 和 Service:
Deployment
apiVersion:apps/v1
kind:Deployment
metadata:
name:traefik
labels:
app:traefik
spec:
replicas:1
selector:
matchLabels:
app:traefik
template:
metadata:
labels:
app:traefik
spec:
containers:
-name:traefik
image:traefik:latest
args:["--providers.kubernetesingress=true","--kubernetes.loadbalancer=true"]
Service
apiVersion:v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name:traefik
labels:
app:traefik
spec:
type:LoadBalancer
ports:
-name:web
port:80
targetPort:80
selector:
app:traefik
创建一个 Ingress 来将流量路由到微服务:
apiVersion:networking.k8s.io/v1
kind:Ingress
metadata:
name:my-ingress
annotations:
kubernetes.io/ingress.class:traefik
spec:
rules:
-host:www.example.com
http:
paths:
-path:/service1
backend:
service:
name:service1
port:
number:8000
-path:/service2
backend:
service:
name:service2
port:
number:8001
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