go 框架中的测试策略和指南包括：单元测试：孤立测试单个函数或方法，确保在不同输入下正常运行。集成测试：测试不同组件集成后的正常运行，涉及多个函数和类型。基准测试：衡量代码性能，通过测量在特定输入下的运行时间优化性能。模拟测试：用于测试依赖外部资源或 api 的代码，通过创建模拟对象在不依赖外部系统的情况下测试代码。
Go 框架中的测试策略和指南单元测试单元测试是针对单个函数或方法进行的隔离测试。它们确保在不同的输入下代码正常运行。使用 testing 包来编写单元测试：
import "testing"
func TestAdd(t testing.T) {
result := Add(2, 3)
if result != 5 {
t.Errorf("Add(2, 3) = %d, want 5", result)
}
}
集成测试集成测试确保不同的组件集成在一起时正常运行。它们涉及多个函数和类型。使用 context 和 testing 包来编写集成测试：
import (
"context"
"testing"
)
func TestHandler(t testing.T) {
ctx := context.Background()
req := http.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil)
rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
Handler(ctx, rr, req)
if rr.Code != http.StatusOK {
t.Errorf("Handler returned %d, want %d", rr.Code, http.StatusOK)
}
}
基准测试基准测试衡量代码的性能。它们通过测量代码在特定输入下的运行时间来帮助优化性能。使用 testing 包的 B 类型来编写基准测试：
import "testing"
func BenchmarkAdd(b testing.B) {
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
Add(2, 3)
}
}
模拟测试模拟测试用于测试依赖外部资源或 API 的代码。它们通过创建模拟对象来测试代码而不依赖于外部系统。使用 mock 包来创建模拟对象：
import (
"testing"
"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
)
func TestClient(t testing.T) {
ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
mockClient := mock_client.NewMockClient(ctrl)
client := &Client{MockClient: mockClient}
mockClient.EXPECT().Get(gomock.Any()).Return("Hello, world!", nil)
result, err := client.Get()
if err != nil {
t.Errorf("Client.Get() returned an error: %v", err)
}
if result != "Hello, world!" {
t.Errorf("Client.Get() returned %q, want %q", result, "Hello, world!")
}
}
实战案例 创建 API 服务器
package main
import (
"context"
"net/http"
"strconv"
"github.com/gorilla/mux"
)
func main() {
router := mux.NewRouter()
router.HandleFunc("/add", AddHandler).Methods("POST")
http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router)
}
func AddHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r http.Request) {
n1, err := strconv.Atoi(r.FormValue("n1"))
if err != nil {
http.Error(w, "Invalid n1 parameter", http.StatusBadRequest)
return
}
n2, err := strconv.Atoi(r.FormValue("n2"))
if err != nil {
http.Error(w, "Invalid n2 parameter", http.StatusBadRequest)
return
}
sum := n1 + n2
w.Write([]byte(strconv.Itoa(sum)))
}
测试 API 服务器
UnitTest
import (
"bytes"
"io/ioutil"
"net/http/httptest"
"testing"
"github.com/gorilla/mux"
)
func TestAddHandler(t testing.T) {
router := mux.NewRouter()
router.HandleFunc("/add", AddHandler).Methods("POST")
tests := []struct {
body string
want string
}{
{body: "", want: "Invalid n1 parameter"},
{body: "n1=1", want: "Invalid n2 parameter"},
{body: "n1=1&n2=2", want: "3"},
}
for _, test := range tests {
req := httptest.NewRequest("POST", "/add", bytes.NewBufferString(test.body))
rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
router.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
if rr.Code != http.StatusOK {
t.Errorf("AddHandler returned %d, want %d", rr.Code, http.StatusOK)
}
body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(rr.Body)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Failed to read response body: %v", err)
}
if string(body) != test.want {
t.Errorf("AddHandler returned %q, want %q", string(body), test.want)
}
}
}
IntegrationTest
import(
"context"
"fmt"
"io/ioutil"
"net/http"
"net/http/httptest"
"strings"
"testing"
"github.com/gorilla/mux"
)
funcTestServer(ttesting.T){
router:=mux.NewRouter()
router.HandleFunc("/add",AddHandler).Methods("POST")
ts:=httptest.NewServer(router)
deferts.Close()
tests:=[]struct{
urlstring
bodystring
wantstring
}{
{url:ts.URL+"/add",body:"",want:"Invalidn1parameter"},
{url:ts.URL+"/add",body:"n1=1",want:"Invalidn2parameter"},
{url:ts.URL+"/add",body:"n1=1&n2=2",want:"3"},
}
for_,test:=rangetests{
req,err:=http.NewRequest("POST",test.url,strings.NewReader(test.body))
iferr!=nil{
t.Fatalf("Failedtocreaterequest:%v",err)
}
rr:=httptest.NewRecorder()
http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
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